Topics
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Topics2025.02.07
Researchers at Tohoku University have achieved a significant advancement in opto-magnetic technology, observing an opto-magnetic torque approximately five times more efficient than in conventional magnets. This breakthrough, led by Mr. Koki Nukui, Assistant Professor Satoshi Iihama, and Professor Shigemi Mizukami, has far-reaching implications for the development of light-based spin memory and storage technologies. Opto-magnetic torque is a method which can generate force on magnets. This can be used to change the direction of magnets by light more efficiently. By creating alloy nanofilms with up to 70% platinum dissolved in cobalt, the team discovered that the unique relativistic quantum mechanical effects of platinum significantly boost the magnetic torque. The study revealed that the enhancement of opto-magnetic torque was attributed to the electron orbital angular momentum generated by circularly polarized light and relativistic quantum mechanical effects. When circularly polarized light is incident perpendicular to the surface of a nano-thin film of cobalt-platinum alloy, which consists of cobalt and platinum, an opto-magnetic torque is generated (red and blue vectors) that changes the magnetization direction (black vector). The opto-magnetic torque consists of components out-of-plane (red vector) and in-plane (blue vector). ©Nukui et al. This achievement allows for the same opto-magnetic effect to be produced with only one-fifth of the previous light intensity, paving the way for more energy-efficient opto-magnetic devices. The findings not only provide new insights into the physics of electron orbital angular momentum in metallic magnetic materials but also contribute to the development of high-efficiency spin memory and storage technologies that use light to write information. "These improvements could result in faster and more energy-efficient devices in the future," explains Mizukami. The research aligns with the growing interest in opto-electronic fusion technologies, combining electronic and optical technologies for next-generation applications. This discovery marks a significant step forward in controlling nanomagnetic materials using light and magnetism. These findings were published in Physical Review Letters on January 2, 2025. Examples of experimental data on magnetization oscillation driven by opto- magnetic torque measured by the pump-probe time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect: (a) Cobalt nano-thin film; (b) Cobalt-Platinum nano-thin film (Platinum concentration is 65% atomic ratio); (c) Platinum concentration dependence of the magnitude of opto-magnetic torques evaluated from the measured magnetization oscillations. Both the in-plane and out-of-plane torques increase with the platinum concentration. ©Nukui et al. Publication Details: Title: Light-Induced Torque in Ferromagnetic Metals via Orbital Angular Momentum Generated by Photon Helicity Authors: Koki Nukui, Satoshi Iihama, Kazuaki Ishibashi, Shogo Yamashita, Akimasa Sakuma, Philippe Scheid, Grégory Malinowski, Michel Hehn, Stéphane Mangin, Shigemi Mizukami Journal: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.016701 Press Release: Tohoku University https://www.tohoku.ac.jp/en/press/breakthrough_in_optomagnetic_technology_5x_torque.html Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR) https://www.wpi-aimr.tohoku.ac.jp/en/achievements/press/2025/20250107_001905.html School of Engineering, Tohoku University https://www.eng.tohoku.ac.jp/english/news/detail-,-id,3107.html
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Topics2025.01.17
The global climate crisis, driven by the depletion of fossil fuels and rising atmospheric CO2 levels, has intensified the need for sustainable energy solutions. Among these, the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), particularly when integrated with renewable energy sources, has emerged as a promising approach. This process not only mitigates CO2 emissions but also addresses energy storage challenges by converting CO2 into high-value, carbon-neutral fuels. One of the standout products of CO2RR is formic acid (HCOOH), valued for its versatility in industries such as tanning, textiles, and pharmaceuticals, as well as its role as a high-energy-density liquid hydrogen storage medium. "Formic acid is an indispensable chemical in various industries, and its potential as a hydrogen carrier makes it a critical component for a sustainable energy future," said Xue Jia, an assistant professor at Tohoku University's Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR). Recent techno-economic analyses have also highlighted the practicality and economic feasibility of synthesizing formic acid through CO2RR, emphasizing its adaptability for future industrial applications. To advance the development of efficient CO2RR catalysts, Jia and her colleagues conducted a comprehensive study, analyzing over 2,300 experimental reports from the past decade. Their findings underscored the superior activity and selectivity of tin-based catalysts, such as Sn−N4−C single-atom catalysts (SAC) and polyatomic Sn, for HCOOH production. These catalysts consistently outperformed others, including metal-nitrogen-carbon (M−N−C) catalysts and various metals, in terms of formic acid Faradaic efficiency (FE). Figure 1: Summary of the experimental CO2RR performance of 2,348 reported catalysts via a large-scale data mining. ©Hao Li et al. A significant aspect of the study was the influence of pH on catalyst performance. The team's analysis revealed that the selectivity and activity of HCOOH production increase with pH levels, as demonstrated in catalysts like SnO2 and Bi0.1Sn. However, conventional theoretical models that treat pH-dependent energetic corrections as constants failed to accurately predict activity at the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) scale. "By incorporating electric field effects and pH-dependent free energy formulations, we were able to analyze the selectivity and activity of catalysts under actual working conditions, which is a significant step forward," explained Hao Li, associate professor at WPI-AIMR. This advanced modeling approach provided critical insights into the reaction mechanism, enabling a deeper understanding of the pH-dependent behavior of Sn-based catalysts. The study also addressed a longstanding challenge: understanding how the structural differences between single-atom and polyatomic Sn catalysts impact their performance. The team discovered that Sn−N4−C SAC exhibits a monodentate adsorption mode, while polyatomic Sn adopts a bidentate mode. These distinct adsorption modes result in opposite dipole moments for the intermediate OCHO, significantly influencing the catalysts' activity and selectivity for CO2RR. "This structural sensitivity, combined with pH-dependent modeling, has provided a comprehensive understanding of Sn-based catalysts and aligned our predictions with experimental observations," said Linda Zhang, Assistant Professor at Tohoku University's Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS). The research highlights the importance of considering structural and kinetic factors, beyond conventional thermodynamic models, for precise catalyst design. Figure 2: Surface reconstruction analyses. ©Hao Li et al. The implications of this work extend beyond CO2RR. By employing advanced computational techniques, such as density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning force fields (MLFF), the researchers demonstrated the potential of tailoring catalysts for specific reaction conditions. This approach is expected to drive the development of high-performance systems for a range of electrocatalytic processes. "Precise modeling and advanced computational techniques are enabling us to design catalysts tailored for specific reaction conditions, paving the way for more efficient CO2 reduction technologies," adds Li. The study's integration of experimental and theoretical perspectives marks a significant step toward addressing climate challenges through innovative catalyst design. The findings were published in the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition, with the authors expressing their gratitude to the Tohoku University Support Program for covering the article processing charge. Figure 3: pH-dependent modelling and benchmarking between theory and experiments. ©Hao Li et al. Publication Details: Title: Divergent Activity Shifts of Tin-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: pH-Dependent Behavior of Single-Atom versus Polyatomic Structures Authors: Yuhang Wang, Di Zhang, Bin Sun, Xue Jia, Linda Zhang,, Hefeng Cheng, Jun Fan, and Hao Li Journal: Angewandte Chemie International Edition DOI: 10.1002/anie.202418228 Press Release: Tohoku University https://www.tohoku.ac.jp/en/press/researchers_unlock_new_insights_into_tin_based_catalysts_for_electrochemical_co_reduction.html Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR) https://www.wpi-aimr.tohoku.ac.jp/en/achievements/press/2025/20250115_001913.html
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Topics2025.01.09
Artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-enabled robots are becoming a bigger part of our daily lives. Real-time, flexible interactions between humans and robots are no longer just science fiction. As robots become smarter and more human-like in both behavior and appearance, they are transforming from mere tools to potential partners and social entities. This rapid evolution presents significant challenges to our legal and ethical frameworks, including concerns about privacy, safety, and regulation in the context of AI and robots. The Cambridge Handbook of the Law, Policy, and Regulation for Human-Robot Interaction, published by Cambridge University Press on November 21, 2024, explores and addresses these emerging issues. It is now available online as of December 2024. Edited by Woodrow Barfield, Yueh-Hsuan Weng, and Ugo Pagallo, three experts in AI-related legal issues, the handbook gathers insights from social sciences, computer science, and engineering. It is the first book to specifically address issues of law, policy, and regulation focusing on human-robot interaction. “Humanities are crucial to AI development,” says Yueh-Hsuan Weng, Associate Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Kyushu University, and the Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University (Cross-appointment). He is also a co-editor of the book. “Tech professionals can create cutting-edge systems, but without input from legal and humanities perspectives, these systems may struggle to coexist with humans. We hope this book serves as a compass for developers, ensuring AI systems better benefit our society.” Comprising 46 chapters, the handbook is organized into four parts. The opening section introduces the legal and ethical challenges arising from human-robot interaction, addressing issues such as trust for robots and anthropomorphism—where non-human entities are given human-like emotions or intentions. The second section explores the societal impacts of human-robot interaction, discussing questions about whether AI entities should be granted legal personhood and what steps are needed for the growing integration of robots into human life. The third section looks deeper into ethical, cultural, and value-based issues in human-robot interaction. A key aspect of AI governance is aligning AI’s value judgments with human values, which can vary across regions, contexts, and cultural value systems. Through a range of scenarios, including the role of robots in long-term assistance, their potential function in religious settings, and intercultural challenges, this chapter reveals the complexities of value alignment. The book concludes by discussing the legal challenges posed by AI’s integration into society, offering insights into how consumer law, criminal law, and constitutional law may need to evolve to accommodate intelligent systems. This handbook brings together authors from various countries and presents case studies from across the globe. By offering diverse perspectives, it provides valuable insights into the ethical dilemmas emerging from our personal interactions with robots, sparking a global dialogue on these issues. “A major issue I addressed in the book is the AI pacing problem,” says Weng. This refers to the gap between rapid AI advancements and the slower pace of legislation. While many countries and organizations are working on regulations for AI-enabled robots, creating comprehensive laws often struggles to keep up with AI’s progress. “Governance mechanisms have been proposed, ranging from ‘hard’ legislation to ‘soft’ ethical guidelines. What’s needed now are solutions that balance enforceability and flexibility.” One solution Weng proposed in his chapter is global AI ethics standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the world’s largest technical professional organization. Currently, Weng chairs a working group at the IEEE and is compiling a database of AI-related ethical cases from various countries, modularizing core issues and region-specific concerns, aiming to help developers navigate and apply them effectively. The handbook also addresses critical topics like anthropomorphism, robots in healthcare, and privacy protection, all requiring continued focus and collaboration. As algorithms enable robots to perform human-like actions, such as robot dogs dancing jazz, these behaviors challenge traditional ethical expectations and may reshape how future generations perceive concepts like “dogs.” Meanwhile, when people, especially older adults, are unfamiliar with robots, they may view robotic caregivers as true companions, leading to emotional challenges. Ethical guidelines are needed to ensure responsible use in these sensitive contexts. Additionally, balancing high-quality services with data security remains an urgent task that demands innovative regulatory solutions. Reflecting on these topics, Weng emphasizes, “As human-AI interactions become more common, I hope designers, manufacturers, and users of robots will engage with our book. Responsible research and innovation are crucial for the development of AI and robots, and this requires input from people across various societal sectors. We warmly invite everyone to explore this book and join us in creating IEEE’s global standards for AI ethics.” Publication Details: Book Publised: The Cambridge Handbook on the Law, Policy and Regulation for Human-Robot Interaction Woodrow Barfield, Yueh-Hsuan Weng and Ugo Pagallo (Eds), Cambridge University Press Title: Ethical Design and Standardization for Robot Governance Author: Yueh-Hsuan Weng DOI: 10.1017/9781009386708 ISBN: 9781009386708 URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-handbook-of-the-law-policy-and-regulation-for-humanrobot-interaction/5740D8AEA42968E6A195BEDF5CBD0E5C Press Release: Kyushu University https://www.kyushu-u.ac.jp/en/researches/view/318
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Topics2024.11.01
FRIS has established the Interdisciplinary Platform for Advanced Health Sensing (Endowed Research Division) through a contribution from Milbon Co., Ltd. This division, led by Associate Professor Masaki Okumura from the Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, brings together researchers from six different fields: protein science, physical organic chemistry, bio-measurement, mass spectrometry, structural biology, and cosmetic science. The division aims to conduct interdisciplinary research that contributes to the development of cosmetics and quasi-drugs. By integrating knowledge from each field, the division expects to develop cutting-edge measurement techniques for biological systems and gain new insights. Specifically, the research will encompass areas such as proteomics and drug molecular design, contributing to advances in the medical and drug discovery fields, with the goal of exploring new approaches beyond traditional cosmetic research. With the establishment of this division, a new interdisciplinary platform will be built to accelerate the development of new cosmetics and aim for social implementation, from basic research to product development. Tohoku University, aiming to become a leading research university in Japan and on par with global standards, and Milbon, a pioneer in innovative hair and skin research, will collaborate to drive new innovations. Press Release: Milbon Co., Ltd. https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000095.000028306.html (in Japanese)
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Topics2024.10.15
Researchers from Tohoku University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have unveiled a new AI tool for high-quality optical spectra with the same accuracy as quantum simulations, but working a million times faster, potentially accelerating the development of photovoltaic and quantum materials. Understanding the optical properties of materials is essential for developing optoelectronic devices, such as LEDs, solar cells, photodetectors, and photonic integrated circuits. These devices are pivotal in the semiconductor industry's current resurgence. Traditional means of calculation using the basic laws of physics involve complex mathematical calculations and immense computational power, rendering it difficult to quickly test a large number of materials. Overcoming this challenge could lead to the discovery of new photovoltaic materials for energy conversion and a deeper understanding of the fundamental physics of materials through their optical spectra. A team led by Nguyen Tuan Hung, an assistant professor at the Frontier Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (FRIS), Tohoku University, and Mingda Li, an associate professor at MIT’s Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering (NSE), did just that, introducing a new AI model that predicts optical properties across a wide range of light frequency, using only a material’s crystal structure as an input. Lead author Nguyen and his colleagues recently published their findings in an open-access paper in “Advanced Materials.” “Optics is a fascinating aspect of condensed matter physics, governed by the causal relationship known as the Kramers-Krönig (KK) relation”, says Nguyen. “Once one optical property is known, all other optical properties can be derived using the KK relation. It is intriguing to observe how AI models can grasp physics concepts through this relation.” Obtaining optical spectra with complete frequency coverage in experiments is challenging due to the limitations of laser wavelengths. Simulations are also complex, requiring high convergence criteria and incurring significant computational costs. As a result, the scientific community has long been searching for more efficient methods to predict the optical spectra of various materials. “Machine-learning models utilized for optical prediction are called graph neural networks (GNNs),” points out Ryotaro Okabe, a chemistry graduate student at MIT. “GNNs provide a natural representation of molecules and materials by representing atoms as graph nodes and interatomic bonds as graph edges.” Yet, while GNNs have shown promise for predicting material properties, they lack universality, especially in representations of crystal structures. To work around this conundrum, Nguyen and others devised a universal ensemble embedding, whereby multiple models or algorithms are created to unify the data representation. "This ensemble embedding goes beyond human intuition but is broadly applicable to improve prediction accuracy without affecting neural network structures," explains Abhijatmedhi Chotrattanapituk, an electrical engineering and computer science graduate student at MIT. The ensemble embedding method is a universal layer that can be seamlessly applied to any neural network model without modifying the neural network structures. “This implies that universal embedding can readily be integrated into any machine learning architecture, potentially making a profound impact on data science,” says Mingda Li. This method enables highly precise optical prediction based solely on crystal structures, making it suitable for a wide variety of applications, such as screening materials for high-performance solar cells and detecting quantum materials. Looking ahead, the researchers aim to develop new databases for various material properties, such as mechanical and magnetic characteristics, to enhance the AI model’s capability to predict material properties based solely on crystal structures. Figure: An AI tool called GNNOpt can accurately predict optical spectra based solely on crystal structures and speed up the development of photovoltaic and quantum materials. Publication Details: •Title: Universal Ensemble-Embedding Graph Neural Network for Direct Prediction of Optical Spectra from Crystal Structures •Author: Nguyen Tuan Hung, Ryotaro Okabe, Abhijatmedhi Chotrattanapituk, Mingda Li •Journal: Advanced Materials •DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409175 •URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202409175 Press Release: Tohoku University https://www.tohoku.ac.jp/en/press/ai_speeds_up_discovery_of_energy_and_quantum_materials.html
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Topics2024.10.01
Quantum squeezing is a concept in quantum physics where the uncertainty in one aspect of a system is reduced while the uncertainty in another related aspect is increased. Imagine squeezing a round balloon filled with air. In its normal state, the balloon is perfectly spherical. When you squeeze one side, it gets flattened and stretched out in the other direction. This represents what is happening in a squeezed quantum state: you are reducing the uncertainty (or noise) in one quantity, like position, but in doing so, you increase the uncertainty in another quantity, like momentum. However, the total uncertainty remains the same, since you are just redistributing it between the two. Even though the overall uncertainty remains the same, this ‘squeezing’ allows you to measure one of those variables with much greater precision than before. This technique has already been used to improve the accuracy of measurements in situations where only one variable needs to be precisely measured, such as in improving the precision of atomic clocks. However, using squeezing in cases where multiple factors need to be measured simultaneously, such as an object's position and momentum, is much more challenging. In a research paper published in Physical Review Research, Tohoku University’s Dr. Le Bin Ho explores the effectiveness of the squeezing technique in enhancing the precision of measurements in quantum systems with multiple factors. The analysis provides theoretical and numerical insights, aiding in the identification of mechanisms for achieving maximum precision in these intricate measurements. "The research aims to better understand how quantum squeezing can be used in more complicated measurement situations involving the estimation of multiple phases," said Le. "By figuring out how to achieve the highest level of precision, we can pave the way for new technological breakthroughs in quantum sensing and imaging." The study looked at a situation where a three-dimensional magnetic field interacts with an ensemble of identical two-level quantum systems. In ideal cases, the precision of the measurements can be as accurate as theoretically possible. However, earlier research has struggled to explain how this works, especially in real-world situations where only one direction achieves full quantum entanglement. This research will have broad implications. By making quantum measurements more precise for multiple phases, it could significantly advance various technologies. For example, quantum imaging could produce sharper images, quantum radar could detect objects more accurately, and atomic clocks could become even more precise, improving GPS and other time-sensitive technologies. In biophysics, it could lead to advancements in techniques like MRI and enhance the accuracy of molecular and cellular measurements, improving the sensitivity of biosensors used in detecting diseases early. "Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind the improvement of measurement precision in quantum sensing," adds Le. "This research not only pushes the boundaries of quantum science, but also lays the groundwork for the next generation of quantum technologies." Looking ahead, Le hopes to explore how this mechanism changes with different types of noise and explore ways to reduce it. Figure: A visual comparison between the familiar act of squeezing a lemon and the concept of quantum squeezing in a sensor. (License: CC BY-NC-SA) Publication Details: •Title: Squeezing-induced quantum-enhanced multiphase estimation •Author: Le Bin Ho •Journal: Physical Review Research •DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.033292 •URL: https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.033292 Press Release: Tohoku University https://www.tohoku.ac.jp/en/press/squeezing_increased_accuracy_out_of_quantum_measurements.html
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Topics2024.08.29
Researchers at Tohoku University and Utsunomiya University have made a breakthrough in understanding the complex nature of turbulence in structures called “accretion disks” surrounding black holes, using state-of-the-art supercomputers to conduct the highest-resolution simulations to date. An accretion disk, as the name implies, is a disk-shaped gas that spirals inwards towards a central black hole. There is a great interest in studying the unique and extreme properties of black holes. However, black holes do not allow light to escape, and therefore cannot be directly perceived by telescopes. In order to probe black holes and study them, we look at how they affect their surroundings instead. Accretion disks are one such way to indirectly observe the effects of black holes, as they emit electromagnetic radiation that can be seen by telescopes. “Accurately simulating the behaviour of accretion disks significantly advances our understanding of physical phenomena around black holes,” explains Yohei Kawazura, “It provides crucial insights for interpreting observational data from the Event Horizon Telescope.” The researchers utilized supercomputers such as RIKEN's "Fugaku" (the fastest computer in the world up until 2022) and NAOJ's "ATERUI II" to perform unprecedentedly high-resolution simulations. Although there have been previous numerical simulations of accretion disks, none have observed the inertial range because of the lack of computational resources. This study was the first to successfully reproduce the "inertial range" connecting large and small eddies in accretion disk turbulence. It was also discovered that "slow magnetosonic waves" dominate this range. This finding explains why ions are selectively heated in accretion disks. The turbulent electromagnetic fields in accretion disks interact with charged particles, potentially accelerating some to extremely high energies. Figure: Artistic image of accretion disk turbulence. The inset is the magnetic field fluctuations computed by the simulation of this study. ©Yohei Kawazura In magnetohydronamics, magnetosonic waves (slow and fast) and Alfvén waves make up the basic types of waves. Slow magnetosonic waves were found to dominate the inertial range, carrying about twice the energy of Alfvén waves. The research also highlights a fundamental difference between accretion disk turbulence and solar wind turbulence, where Alfvén waves dominate. This advancement is expected to improve the physical interpretation of observational data from radio telescopes focused on regions near black holes. The study was published in Science Advances on August 28, 2024. Publication Details: Title: Inertial range of magnetorotational turbulence Authors: Yohei Kawazura and Shigeo S. Kimura Journal: Science Advances DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp4965 URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adp4965 Press Release: Tohoku University https://www.tohoku.ac.jp/en/press/supercomputer_simulations_reveal_the_nature_of_turbulence_in_black_hole_accretion_disks.html
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Topics2024.08.05
Spin-glass states, a fascinating phenomenon in magnetic materials, have been successfully generated in a van der Waals (vdW) magnet through alkali-ion intercalation. This groundbreaking study, published in Advanced Materials on July 22, 2024, opens new avenues in magnetic materials research and potential applications in advanced technologies. Researchers from University College London, led by Dr. Safe Khan, and international collaborators, including Dr. Aakanksha Sud from FRIS, discovered this novel way to manipulate the magnetic properties of vdW materials. By intercalating sodium (Na) atoms into the vdW material Cr2Ge2Te6 (CGT), they enhanced the Curie temperature (TC) from 66 K to 240 K and altered the magnetic easy-hard axis direction. This process created a system where magnetic frustration leads to the coexistence of spin-glass states and ferromagnetic order, showcasing a new method for tuning magnetic properties in 2D materials. Dynamic magnetic susceptibility measurements confirmed the formation of magnetic clusters with slow dynamics and a distribution of relaxation times, opening new possibilities for understanding complex magnetic behaviours and enhancing magnetic material performance. The authors commented, "Our research highlights the potential of intercalation as a unique method to induce magnetic frustration and generate spin-glass states in simple vdW crystals. This could lead to new functionalities in magnetic materials and advanced technological applications." This research provides valuable insights into the fundamental properties of spin-glass states in vdW materials, with potential implications for advanced magnetic applications and theoretical models. This discovery was published in Advanced Materials on July 22, 2024. Figure: (a) The image represents the process of sodium (Na) atom intercalation into the vdW gaps of pristine Cr2Ge2Te6 (CGT), generating spin-glass states that coexist with ferromagnetic order, enhancing the Curie temperature (TC) and altering the magnetic axis direction (b) Shift in peak position of magnetic susceptibility (χ') for a frequency window of Hz–kHz indicating slow dynamics in the system and emerging spin-glass state. Publication Details Title: Spin-Glass States Generated in a van der Waals Magnet by Alkali-Ion Intercalation Authors: Safe Khan, Eva S. Y. Aw, Liam A. V. Nagle-Cocco, Aakanksha Sud, Sukanya Ghosh, Mohammed K. B. Subhan, Zekun Xue, Charlie Freeman, Dimitrios Sagkovits, Araceli Gutiérrez-Llorente, Ivan Verzhbitskiy, Daan M. Arroo, Christoph W. Zollitsch, Goki Eda, Elton J. G. Santos, Sian E. Dutton, Steven T. Bramwell, Chris A. Howard, Hidekazu Kurebayashi Journal: Advanced Materials DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400270 URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202400270
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Topics2024.06.21
Terahertz waves are being intensely studied by researchers around the world seeking to understand the "terahertz gap". Terahertz waves have a specific frequency that puts them somewhere between microwaves and infrared light. This range is referred to as a "gap" because much remains unknown about these waves. In fact, it was only relatively recently that researchers were able to develop the technology to generate them. Researchers at Tohoku University have brought us closer to understanding these waves and filling in this gap of knowledge. Researchers at the Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Graduate School of Engineering, and Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS) have discovered a new magnetic material that generates terahertz waves at an intensity about four times higher than that of typical magnetic materials. Taking advantage of the features unique to terahertz waves, this technology is expected to be used in a variety of industrial fields, including imaging, medical diagnostics, security inspection, and biotechnology. Assistant Professor Ruma Mandal (WPI-AIMR) explains, "Terahertz waves have low photon energies and unlike X-rays, they don't emit ionizing radiation. So, if they are used for patient imaging or microscopes, they may be less damaging to tissues or samples." This work was published in NPG Asia Materials on June 7, 2024. Figure: Weyl magnet: schematic diagram of a crystal of cobalt-manganese-gallium Heusler alloy (Co2MnGa). (b) Light-induced terahertz waves. ©Shigemi Mizukami Publication Details: Title: Topologically influenced terahertz emission in Co2MnGa with large anomalous Hall effect Authors: Ruma Mandal, Ren Momma, Kazuaki Ishibashi, Satoshi Iihama, Kazuya Suzuki, and Shigemi Mizukami Journal: NPG Asia Materials DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-024-00545-9 Press Release: Tohoku University https://www.tohoku.ac.jp/en/press/making_waves_generation_of_intense_terahertz_waves_with_a_magnetic_material.html The Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University https://www.wpi-aimr.tohoku.ac.jp/en/achievements/press/2024/20240610_001808.html School of Engineering, Tohoku University https://www.eng.tohoku.ac.jp/english/news/detail-,-id,2913.html
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Topics2024.05.30
The application requirement states that when asking a faculty member to be a mentor, the applicant and the mentor candidate must agree with the "Internal regulations on the mentors of the Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences". In addition, applicants and their mentor candidates must consult the “checklist for the Internal regulations on the mentors of the Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences". Download the checklist here The information session (June 17, 2024) has ended. The recording of the session (excluding the Q&A part) and the questions and answers are now available. Recording of the information session Questions and answers Number of Positions Seven Assistant Professor Positions (Following the FRIS fundamental policy of promoting Diversity, Equity & Inclusion, we welcome applications from all backgrounds.) Organization and Department Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Research Areas and Job Description We recruit people in six research areas (1. Materials and Energy, 2. Life and Environments, 3. Information and Systems, 4. Device and Technology, 5. Human and Society, 6. Advanced Basic Science). Successful applicants are expected to promote international interdisciplinary scientific research on their own initiative as Principal Investigators (PIs) and have a strong will to develop new academic disciplines. To achieve these, they are expected to collaborate actively with researchers and research institutions at home and abroad. This recruitment is part of the “Frontier Researchers for Interdisciplinary Sciences Shoshi Program (FRIS Shoshi Program),” a university-wide initiative to support young researchers under the Tohoku University Comprehensive Package for Supporting Young Researchers. For more information about the “FRIS Shoshi Program,” please visit the following URL. https://www.fris.tohoku.ac.jp/en/about/missions/fostering.html Research Funding The following research funding will be provided. Basic research funding of 11 million yen over five years (2.5 million yen per year for the first three years, 2 million yen for the fourth year, and 1.5 million yen for the fifth year, but it allows flexible budget execution by carry-over.) Upon review, we provide expenses for overseas travel to present research results at international conferences and conduct collaborative research, for collaborative research with researchers in different fields, for organizing international conferences, and so forth. In addition to the above, successful applicants are expected to actively seek external competitive funds such as Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI). Eligibility PhD degree by the time of appointment Starting Date April 1, 2025 (subject to negotiation) Term of Appointment Five years (no reappointment) Under the tenure track system at FRIS, assistant professors undergo a predetermined review process. Successful completion of this process leads to their appointment as either tenured assistant professors or fixed-term (five-year) associate professors by the end of their appointment term. If they do not pass the review, their term can be extended by one year (maximum two years) after a separate review. Furthermore, although this is not guaranteed, they may remain employed as faculty members in other departments or institutes. For more details, please visit the following URL. # Tenure track system at FRIS: https://www.fris.tohoku.ac.jp/en/about/tenure-track.html In the case of taking childcare leave, the term of employment may be extended by up to the number of days taken off for the leave if deemed necessary for educational and research purposes. Remuneration Annual salary system. Other allowances will be provided according to the regulations of Tohoku University. Notes on Application Applicants must select one area of research they wish to apply from the six research areas indicated above. Please note that the review committee may change the research area of their selection. When applying, applicants must provide information about their mentors. A mentor must be a full-time professor or associate professor at Tohoku University (visiting or specially appointed professors are not eligible). Prior to applying, applicants must obtain their mentors’ consent regarding the internal regulations on the mentor system and the attached description of their responsibilities shown at the URL below. We prioritize that the mentors can allow FRIS assistant professors to have experiences in various research environments, such as selecting a mentor from outside their previously-affiliated laboratory. Successful applicants must be independent as a PI during the term of their appointment. For the selection of mentors, the following websites can be helpful. Please visit the URLs below. # Internal regulations on the mentors and the responsibilities of mentors https://www.fris.tohoku.ac.jp/media/files/mentorregulations_rev20220620_EN.pdf (English) https://www.fris.tohoku.ac.jp/media/files/mentorregulations_rev20220620_JP.pdf (Japanese) # Tohoku University Researchers: https://www.r-info.tohoku.ac.jp/ Application Deadline Applications must be submitted by 17:00, Friday, July 26, 2024 (JST) Required Documents Following the instructions in the section “How to Apply”, applicants must complete the application online and electronically submit the documents indicated below. All documents must be prepared in PDF format, and the total file size must not exceed 10 MB. For (3) Research Proposal, please download the template from our website, as shown below. https://www.fris.tohoku.ac.jp/en/recruit/invitation/ (1) A list of research achievements such as publications: original research papers, international conference proceedings, books and editorials/commentaries, conference presentations (indicating domestic or international, and with or without invitation), awards, patents, competitive research funds, achievements of collaborative research, and other notable mentions. (2) A brief overview of your research achievements (less than 400 words) (3) A research proposal (in our provided format, within four pages) (4) A letter of recommendation (in any format) (5) A summary of up to five significant papers or major achievements, each demonstrating excellence in its field. (If any, please show any numerical indicators that highli How to Apply Please apply from the application website below. Once applicants complete the pre-registration, they will receive a URL to complete the registration. They must upload the required documents to “My Page.” After completing the upload, they will receive a confirmation email. # Application website https://rct4osp.fris.tohoku.ac.jp/en # You can also visit the application website from the recruitment information page in the FRIS website below. https://www.fris.tohoku.ac.jp/en/ Inquiries Professor Junji Saida, Managing and Planning Division, FRIS E-mail: kikaku-hr_atmk_fris.tohoku.ac.jp (Please replace “_atmk_” with “@”) DEI Promotion Aiming to be a leading research institute in Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI), FRIS has enacted a fundamental policy of promoting DEI and established a working group to implement this policy. We are committed to creating an environment that facilitates research, education and employment for all members of the institute, and supporting the implementation of this goal. Tohoku University promotes activities to increase DEI and encourages people of varied talents from all backgrounds to apply for positions at the university. Tohoku University's website about the DEI Declaration is here: https://dei.tohoku.ac.jp/vision/about/ Under Article 8 of the Act on Securing, Etc. of Equal Opportunity and Treatment between Men and Women in Employment, Tohoku University shall, as a measure for increasing the presence of women among the academic staff, prioritize the hiring of women deemed qualified for each job opening, based on impartial evaluation. Tohoku University has published 'Tohoku University ‐ Live as Who You Are ‐ Guidelines for Gender and Sexual Diversity' to provide explanations and details of how those at the university should respond concerning diverse sexuality. The guidelines aim to create an environment in which all students, faculty, and staff respect diverse sexuality in their academic, research, and professional activities. Please see the Center for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, Tohoku University website: https://dei.tohoku.ac.jp/vision/consulting/for_minority/ Tohoku University has the most extensive on-campus childcare system of all Japanese national universities. This network comprises three nurseries: Kawauchi Keyaki Nursery School (capacity: 22) as well as Aobayama Midori Nursery School (116), both open to all university employees and Hoshinoko Nursery School (120), which is open to employees working on Tohoku University Hospital. In addition, Tohoku University Hospital runs a childcare room for mildly ill and convalescent children which is available to all university employees. See the following website for information on these and other programs that Tohoku University runs to assist work-life balance, support researchers, and advance gender equality, including measures to promote childcare leave among male employees. Center for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, Tohoku University website: https://dei.tohoku.ac.jp/vision/consulting/for_family/ Human Resources and Planning Department website: https://c.bureau.tohoku.ac.jp/jinji-top/external/a-4-kosodate/ Other An information session for this recruitment will be held on June 17 (Monday), 2024, between 15:00 and 16:00. If one wishes to attend the session, please complete the registration on the webpage below. Registration for information session: https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZcldumrqjIuGNPnJnOHeqJ1fZu437ZWgLSJ After the first screening, as a general rule of the FRIS recruitment process, successful candidates will be asked for an online interview on September 30 (Monday), October 1 (Tuesday) or October 2 (Wednesday), 2024. They will be provided with detailed information in early September 2024. FRIS is developing FRIS CoRE (Cooperative Research Environment), a new form of “start-up support” proposed by young researchers at FRIS, that aims to promote interdisciplinary fusion and explore the frontiers of knowledge. It provides under-one-roof access to basic research facilities in different fields –a research environment for daily experiments and discussions. The current experimental facilities are used for life science, chemistry, and engineering, but in the future, FRIS CoRE will expand its collaborative environment for researchers in the humanities and social sciences. FRIS CoRE will also provide facilities in fields other than the mentor's expertise. Please visit the following website to learn the status of FRIS CoRE. # FRIS CoRE: https://www.fris.tohoku.ac.jp/fris_core/en/